Welch Political Modernization: Readings in Comparative Political Change

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Unit of measurement-III Comparative Readings in Gimmicky Political Systems PowerPoint Presentation

Unit-Three Comparative Readings in Contemporary Political Systems

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Unit-III Comparative Readings in Gimmicky Political Systems

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1. Unit-Iii Comparative Readings in Contemporary Political Systems • Culture & Politics • Political Organization • Regime Change • East Asian Cases: Republic of korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia • Japan & China • South Asia By: RajibTimalsina Unit-3 Culture & Politics

2. Political-Anthropological Position (427-347BC) Plato Universal Moral social club & best form of State 13,000 Years Ago: Warmer; Taming Animals 2 Million Years Ago: Gatherers 32,000 Years Agone: Hunters 100,000 Years Ago: Water ice Historic period vii,000 Years Ago: Stone Crafts (384 BC) Aristotle: Politics= natural Concept of Citizen Forms of Govts. xxx,000 Years Agone: Clans & Communities 1690: Locke's 2 Treaties on Govt. French Rev..; Independence of US; Communist Manifesto; WWI; WWII; Un; Post-colonial; "Evolution Discourse" 1648: The Treaty of Westphalia 1762: Rousseau's Social Contract 1651: Leviathan (The Hobbes' Idea of State) Cold War; 1970s: Said'sOrientalism & Foucault's Power (Post-modernism) Unit-3 Culture & Politics Based F. Korovkin and 3 Sem Syllabus

3. Breakdown of USSR • Calendar for Peace 1992 • War Against Terrorism- Backwash of 2001 • Universal vs. Cultural Relativism • Culture and Political Assumptions *Weber: Reln Republic & Christianity * Aristotle: Fertile Democracy in Greece * Heartland Theory (in cold and core expanse) Unit-3 Culture & Politics

4. Primitive Power (eg.:L. W. Pye) Power (eg. : Various defns) Micro-power + Governmentality (eg. : Foucault) Unit-three Civilization & Politics

5. Aristotle'southward Forms of Governments (See page 69-70 of Aristotle'southward Politics) Unit-three Culture & Politics

6. Archaic Power Vs. Micro-power Primitive State Vs. Modernistic State Unit-3 Culture & Politics

7. Components of Political Systemsa) Rulers/ political leadersb) Subjects/ citizensc) Principles (ideology){without ideology, no state can be} Unit-3 Civilization & Politics

8. Ethnicity Nation Culture and Politics Pan-Nationalism State Transnational Nationalism Nation-State Multi-nation-state Semi-nation-state State-Nation ?? Single-nation-state {Principal points from: Berghart, R. (1996)} Unit of measurement-iii Civilisation & Politics

9. Max Weber "State every bit legitimate institution having monopoly of violence" *Grounds of Legitimacy* • Traditional Ground (eg. Monarchy) / More Cultural ?????? *Based on ritual & personal loyalty * Role as an Institution (No matter who is?) b. Rational Legal Ground (eg. Elected Govt.) c. Charismatic Ground (eg. From RevlnorSocial mvmnts) Unit-three Culture & Politics

10. Samuel P. Huntington's Clash of Civilizations "Cultural characteristics and differences are less mutable & hence less easily compromised and resolved than political, economic ones." Unit-3 Culture & Politics

11. Example- I (Japan)Jansen, Thousand.B.,(2002), "The Opening to the Globe- Imperial Japan", folio. 257-445. • Meiji State: meaning "enlightened dominion", "period represents Empire of Nihon during which society moved from isolated feudalism to modern. changes affected its social structure, internal politics, economy, military, and foreign relations" (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiji_period, ) • Restoration Period of Japan (1868 to 1912) Contributions: • Matsukata Economics • Struggle for Political Participation • The Meiji Constitutions • The Purple Regular army • The Meiji Instruction • Office of Meiji Leaders Unit-3 Culture & Politics

12. Example-ii (China; a)Fairbank, J. K., and Goldman M., (2001), "Post-Mao Reform Era", folio 406-450. Changes: • influx of FDI & Western as well every bit Japanese Firms • interest in int'fifty trade & eco. Modernization • Commonage and Private enterprizes • Political Reform under Deng Xioping (limited reform) • Collective decision making procedure • Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Concept • Shenzhen betn Guangdong and HK • Exterior earth & eco. Reform • Labor mobility from country-side to industrial area • Increased Banking organisation • Role of Not-state sector, Foreign JVs, Communal-private-local ownership • Increased "minimal land"/ or express govt. • Ability delegation from fundamental to local authorization Unit-iii Civilization & Politics

13. Case-ii (China; b) Fairbank, J. K., and Goldman 1000., (2001), "Epilogue: China at the Close of the Century", page 451-457. At the turn of the Century (1990s) • Eco. Reforms • Dream : "Rich and Powerful" ------ Century old dream reviving • Greater Int'l presence • Current Challenges • Workers' demonstrations • Farmers' protests • Riot of migrant laborers • Increasing ecological amercement • weakened party office and capacity • Int'l pressure level • [More than control over eco-cultural actvs, threatening to state chapters] Unit-3 Culture & Politics

14. Instance-3 (Eastern asia: a.) Vogel, Ezra F., (1991), "The Four Lilliputian Dragons: The Spread of Industrialization in Eastern asia". • *Confucianism* • Confucius: an intellectual admired in Eastern asia • Power--- Ethics+MoralityValues+FamilyReln+Tillage • {Primal Success lies in Confucianism in Eastern asia} • *Eastward Asian Periphery* • Japan and Iv Little Dragons ( South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong kong/ sometimes Malaysia?) • Max Weber's view for East Asia: • Mixed (Capitalism+Confucian ethics) transform society to industrial • Teach how to achieve success • Unique fourth dimension period and identifying appropriate sector toinvest • Success Occurred nether: sometime Confucian mode govt+ neo-confucianism society Unit of measurement-3 Culture & Politics

15. Unit of measurement-3 Culture & Politics

16. Situational Factors • Massive Aid From Usa • Destruction of the one-time Order • Sense of political and Economic Urgency • Eager and Plentiful Labor Force • Familiarity with Japanese model of Success Major New Trends/ Challenges * Cease of Cheap Labor * Accumulation of Fiscal assets * Growth of finance and other services * Growing cost * More than Vocal Public (enervating with greater voice) Unit-iii Civilisation & Politics

17. Case-iv (East asia: b.) Pye, Lucian W., (1985), " East Asia: Varieties of Confucian Potency", pp. 55-89. Unit-3 Culture & Politics

18. Case-v (Asia) Pye, Lucian Due west., (1985), " The Development of Asian concept of Power", pp. 31-54. Defn of Power: "The signal about power is non who has it, but that nobody should have as well much of information technology because ability is bad thing." • *Primitive Power: "Primitive power is the crude, brutal use of force to intimidate." • -----"Relation of "Primitive power" and "authorities"---- • (why Govt. needed?)" • Divergence betnAsian Concept of Power and Western Concept of Power • * Stages/Development of Asian Concept of Power • Ability as Ritual • Power as ethical, moral and social club • Ability as back up of cosmic order • Condition as Substitute of Power (Ritual becomes Condition & Condition become Ability) • High Condition Role (Power as performing high-condition role) Unit-3 Culture & Politics

19. Case-vi (Southern asia)Pye, Lucian W., (1985), " The S Asia Subcontinent: Hindu and Muslim Power and the rewards of Narcissism", pp. 133-157. * Buddhism, Hindu and Muslim Cultural impacts Hindu Concept # Degree System and Varna Organization * Hindu Thought & Ruler: Kshatriyas (Second position, simply Govern) -- Penalty for gild (function of fearfulness) -- blurred reln betwixt country and religion # Vi functions (dharma) of God-Rex/Ruler/ State To protect the people from dangers To maintain law and use of land To uphold social club To levy taxes To promulgate laws and resolve Conflicts To promote people's happiness past performing rituals 'DandaNeiti', Legimate Violence (create fear), For Gandhi: moral power as supreme strength of power (Non-violence) Unit-3 Culture & Politics

20. Muslim Concept # The Creed: the prophet's word # The Book: The Koran, precise text # The Brotherhood: The Principle The Din • More than Hindu'due south dharma • all have fixed nature, determined by divine power • Sense of unity of the universe (But Hindu acceptance of diversity) Unit-iii Culture & Politics

21. Islam # Sacred Authority # Sacred Ability Hindu # Secular Authorisation # Sacred Power Confucian # Sacred Authorization # Secular Ability Unit-3 Civilization & Politics

22. Group Work 1 i) Unitary, Confederate and Federal States two) Theocracies and Mod States three) Parliamentary and Presidential System iv) Minimal Sate and Welfare State v) Socialist State and Liberal State half-dozen) Protective, Independent (Sovereign), Suzerainty State Unit-3 Culture & Politics

23. * Defining Authorities Group Piece of work 2 i) Changing Pattern (How Changes Took Place) ii) Reasons for Government Change iii) Conditions of State for Regime Alter Unit-iii Culture & Politics

24. Key Points • Political Organization and Different Forms • Traditional and Modern Categorization of Political System • Regime Change • Relation of Culture and Politics • Primitive Power, Ability and Micro-power • Concept of Nation-state • Basis of Legitimacy • Political System in comparison with Hindu, Muslim and Confucian civilization Unit-3 Culture & Politics

25. 9. Meiji State/ Causes of Change in Japan ten. SEZ / and Chinese Model of Success 11. Neo-confucianism 12. Challenges, Situational Factors and issues of Four Little Dragon thirteen. Asian Concept of Power (Compare with West) 14. Compare (a) East-Asia,(b) South Asia,(c) China, and (d) Japan Unit-three Civilization & Politics

26. Thank you !! (For Reference: see your Syllabus.) Unit-three Culture & Politics

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